Arthritis

Understanding Arthritis: What Is It?

Arthritis is a general term that refers to over 100 different conditions involving joint pain or joint disease. It affects people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds, though it’s more commonly diagnosed in women.

The most widespread form of arthritis is osteoarthritis, though there are many less common types. Arthritis typically involves the breakdown of cartilage, the smooth tissue at the ends of bones. As the cartilage wears away, joints become inflamed and painful, making movement and everyday tasks harder. Symptoms may appear occasionally at first but often worsen over time.

What Causes Arthritis?

Arthritis can be triggered by different factors depending on the type:

• Metabolic arthritis (like gout) results from high levels of uric acid, which forms painful crystals in the joints.
• Inflammatory arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis) happens when the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints.
• Infectious arthritis is caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi entering the body and usually treated with antibiotics.
• Degenerative arthritis or osteoarthritis is caused by wear-and-tear on cartilage, leading to pain, inflammation, and joint damage.

How Arthritis Is Diagnosed

Diagnosis usually begins with a visit to your primary care doctor. The process includes:

• Reviewing your medical history and any family history of arthritis
• A physical exam focused on your joints and movement
• Lab tests and imaging (like X-rays or MRIs)

If needed, your doctor may refer you to a rheumatologist, a specialist in joint diseases, for further evaluation.

Arthritis Treatment Options

Early treatment is key to slowing down joint damage and managing symptoms. Modern medications have greatly improved the ability to control arthritis. 

Some common treatments include:

• Medications to reduce pain and inflammation
• Lifestyle changes, such as exercise and physical therapy
• Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) for pain relief in some cases
• Diagnostic consultations to determine the best course of treatment

Starting treatment early can help maintain joint function and improve quality of life.