Annular Disc Tear

What does an annular tear in a spinal disc mean?

An annular disc tear refers to a tear or rupture in the annulus fibrosus, which is the tough, outer ring of a spinal disc. Spinal discs sit between the vertebrae in the spine and act as shock absorbers, allowing for flexibility and movement. Each disc has a tough outer layer (the annulus fibrosus) and a gel-like inner core (the nucleus pulposus).

If the annulus fibrosus develops a small tear or fissure, this can allow the nucleus pulposus to push against or leak into the tear. A tear in the disk can also cause significant nerve pain.

Contributing Factors to Annular Disc Tear

As you age, discs naturally lose hydration and elasticity; the annulus fibrosus becomes more brittle and prone to tearing. Other factors such as jobs or activities involving heavy lifting, bending, twisting, vibration or playing sports can place repetitive strain on the spine. Additionally, a single traumatic-related situation such as a car accident can also contribute.

Symptoms to look out for

Typical symptoms include localized pain in the mid or lower back and neck which may also radiate to the limbs if the tear is irritating nearby nerve roots. This may be sharp or dull and can increase with movement such as bending, twisting, or lifting.

Treatment

Physical therapy, inclusive of core strengthening, stretching, and stabilization exercises with a trained professional is recommended. Short-term rest with limitations on excessive movements can also be helpful along with medications such as anti-inflammatories to reduce inflammation and pain.